Die Studie zeigt, dass Autobiographien weit mehr sind als individuelle Lebensentwürfe. Vor allem Autobiographien von Paaren zeugen von den Schnittstellen gemeinsamen Lebens und Schreibens. Sie bieten sich in herausragender Weise an, die Zweistimmigkeit im Leben und Schreiben von Paaren in den Blick zu nehmen und relationale Dimensionen des Lebens in kreativen Schaffensprozessen als ethisches und ästhetisches Moment wahrzunehmen. Dem komplexen Beziehungsgeflecht von Autobiographien wird hier am Beispiel des bekannten spanischen Schriftstellerpaares María Teresa León und Rafael Alberti nachgespürt. Über die (...) individuellen Prägungen der Autobiographien hinaus wird das Netz, das zwischen beiden Autoren und Texten im autobiographischen Schreiben gesponnen wurde, aufgedeckt und einer Stereophonie der Autobiographie Raum gegeben. (shrink)

Nosso artigo visa um estudo sobre os cadernos intitulados como “Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos” de Karl Marx, do ano de 1844, tendo em vista a posição privilegiada que o texto ocupa no desenvolvimento do pensamento do autor. Do mesmo modo, os manuscritos guardam os primeiros estudos teóricos da economia política de um jovem Marx e seu pensamento precoce – anterior àquele de “O capital” –, ao mesmo tempo que também representou o aprimoramento das “armas da crítica” pela “crítica das armas” contra os (...) jovens hegelianos do grupo de Berlim (principalmente Bauer e Stirner) e o pensamento e herança deixada por Hegel. Tais estudos possivelmente também foram importantes para a edificação da amizade que ele também começaria poucos meses após os manuscritos serem “concluídos” – conclusão que só seria realizada com a publicação mas que nunca ocorreu durante a vida de Karl Marx, senão, ocorreria apenas em 1932 (integralmente) com a redescoberta dos mesmos alguns anos antes com o impulso da revolução bolchevique na Rússia. Por fim, buscaremos apontar em que medida as concepções e o pensamento do jovem autor se conservam ou se transformam – parcial ou completamente – nos anos imediatamente posteriores. (shrink)

– This paper aims to examine the present status of the research field intercultural information ethics including the foundational debate as well as specific issues., – A critical overview of the recent literature of the field is given., – The present IIE debate focuses on a narrow view of the field leaving aside comparative studies with non‐digital media as well as with other epochs and cultures. There is an emphasis on the question of privacy but other issues such as online (...) communities, governmentality, gender issues, mobile phones, health care and the digital divide are on the agenda., – The paper addresses basic issues of IIE that may open new vistas for research and practice in this field. (shrink)

This article asks the question “Why did Plato not write the ‘unwritten doctrine’?” and answers it by citing a combination of two obstacles. The first derives from the limitations of the episteme available to an embodied soul about the essence of the good. Even if the dialectician has access to some kind of knowledge, the mismatch between the unchanging essence of the good and the precarious logoi which aim to identify it (and allow others some measure of access to it) (...) can never fully be overcome. At best, Socrates (or Plato) can lead souls to an incomplete account of it: It is possible that even the most expert dialectician can only have a claim to knowledge, but no absolute certainty. Another obstacle lies in the audience or readership itself: No shortcut to understanding is possible, and yet a mere written presentation, which is all they have, is just such a shortcut, and so represents an empty promise. In memory of Charles H. Kahn (1928–2023), a letter of his from September 5, 1989, concerning the question “Why did Plato not write the ‘unwritten doctrine’?” is published, along with some comments. (shrink)

La legge della fiducia. Alle radici del diritto, constituye una propuesta de comprensión del Derecho y, al mismo tiempo, una invitación a la reflexión sobre su significado y sentido. En estas breves reflexiones se abordan algunas de las cuestiones sobre las que el libro te invita a reflexionar y se plantean algunas dudas que suscita la propuesta de Tommaso Greco.

Aggregation of variables allows to approximate a large scale dynamical system (the micro-system) involving many variables into a reduced system (the macro-system) described by a few number of global variables. Approximate aggregation can be performed when different time scales are involved in the dynamics of the micro-system. Perturbation methods enable to approximate the large micro-system by a macro-system going on at a slow time scale. Aggregation has been performed for systems of ordinary differential equations in which time is a continuous (...) variable. In this contribution, we extend aggregation methods to time-discrete models of population dynamics. Time discrete micro-models with two time scales are presented. We use perturbation methods to obtain a slow macro-model. The asymptotic behaviours of the micro and macro-systems are characterized by the main eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors. We compare the asymptotic behaviours of both systems which are shown to be similar to a certain order. (shrink)

UNESCO in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development establishes respect for the environment and sustainability education as key elements for the challenges of society in the coming years. In the educational context, physical education can have a vital role in sustainability education, through Traditional Sporting Games. The aim of this research was to study from an ethnomotor perspective the different characteristics of two different groups of TSG in the Canary Islands, Spain. The corpus of this investigation was made up of (...) 513 TSG, identified by two analysis techniques and collected in a database. The categories corresponding to the variables of the internal logic of the game were the type of motor interaction, related to space, relationships with time, and relationships with objects. The study also examined the variables of external logic or sociocultural conditions such as the protagonists, playing areas, and game moments. The data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics: cross-tables, effect sizes, classification trees, and the identification of frequency areas. Of the total number of playful activities identified, most were physical activities. These activities were Quasi-games without rules and TSG as well as activities with Objects and without material. This research confirms that the TSG in the Canary Islands is a mirror of traditional culture and, from a pedagogical approach, shows great potential for material and social sustainability. (shrink)

The paper deals with the "deuteros plous", literally ‘the second voyage’, proverbially ‘the next best way’, discussed in Plato’s "Phaedo", the key passage being Phd. 99e4–100a3. The second voyage refers to what Plato’s Socrates calls his “flight into the logoi”. Elaborating on the subject, the author first (I) provides a non-standard interpretation of the passage in question, and then (II) outlines the philosophical problem that it seems to imply, and, finally, (III) tries to apply this philosophical problem to the "ultimate (...) final proof" of immortality and to draw an analogy with the ontological argument for the existence of God, as proposed by Descartes in his 5th "Meditation". The main points are as follows: (a) the “flight into the logoi” can have two different interpretations, a common one and an astonishing one, and (b) there is a structural analogy between Descartes’s ontological argument for the existence of God in his 5th "Meditation" and the "ultimate final proof" for the immortality of the soul in the "Phaedo". (shrink)

Uma palavra universal, existente desde a primeira forma de conscientização do homem, amor. Palavra que poeticamente, se disser que é tão antiga quanto se faz nova. A grande questão abordada sobre o amor, é se sua essência como expressão do que é, nas relações humanas e na relação com a vida, ainda possui o seu conceito original ou se perdeu ao longo dos anos? O amor de Deus não muda e perpassa a história., mesmo que no período presente, a palavra (...) amor se perde num chamado modo de viver líquido. Assim, verificará que o amor não está em crise, o Amor de Deus não é o problema, mas como relacionar um amor sólido e permanente, numa sociedade líquida e inconstante? São esses os questionamentos que este artigo deseja enfrentar. (shrink)

Con el objetivo de contribuir al debate actual sobre la necesidad del esclarecimiento de los fundamentos filosóficos de la investigación científica y su declaración en el discurso que expone sus principales resultados, se valoró la forma en que se asume la perspectiva dialéctico-materialista y se precisó en torno a algunos enfoques polémicos sobre la necesidad de su empleo consecuente como referente cosmovisivo en la construcción de la ciencia y la legitimación de sus resultados. Se enfatizó en la necesidad de su (...) consecuente empleo en el proceso de investigación. In order to contribute to the current debate on the necessity for clarification of the philosophical foundations of scientific research and its interpretation in discourse that exposes its main results, it was assessed how dialectical materialistic perspective is assumed and it was clarified around some controversial approaches about the necessity of its consistent use as a comprehensive reference in building science and the legitimacy of its results. It was emphasized on the need of its consistent use in the research process. (shrink)

Wittgenstein’s mature philosophy offers a therapeutic way out of some conundrums stemming from taxonomic expectations regarding philosophical description of experience in general. The paper asks if this is also true of the facts of aesthetic experience. This possibility is hinted at by examining an application of the notion of certainty to aesthetic experience. Some traits of possible uses of central concepts of the mature Wittgenstein to a philosophical aesthetics inspired by the “new method” are also canvassed.

The anthropologist James Frazer investigates the ritual gesture in search of be- liefs about the physical world by the native. Wittgenstein considers this a case of aspect- blindness, one that is disruptive of the conditions for understanding the native’s most triv- ial gestures. Unable to cast his glance from within the native situation, this methodological view from nowhere has an arresting effect on experience – in particular, the experience of speaking. This interruption is to be examined by means of a (...) thought experiment. Then, through the interplay of the concepts of Spirit and Aspect, a philosophical tool is described to assess the problem that can also serve as practical guide back to ordinary experience. The next step is to examine this way out in a particularly sensitive kind of experience of meaning: the aesthetic experience, also seen as a ritual. We conclude by alluding to a pos- sibly mutual illumination between aesthetic experience, translation studies and a Cavellian take on ordinary language. (shrink)

RESUMENLa distinción entre conocimiento intuitivo y abstractivo, extendida por Duns Escoto, y la consiguiente distinción entre conceptos distintos y confusos, implica una nueva gnoseología en la que la inteligencia asiste pasivamente, como un espejo, a la representación de las esencias, que se manifiestan al margen de su existencia. PALABRAS CLAVECERTEZA–EVIDENCIA–INTUICIÓN–CONOCIMIENTO ABSTRACTIVO–IDEAS CLARAS Y DISTINTAS.ABSTRACTThe distinction between intuitive and abstractive knowledge, spread by Duns Scotus, and the consequent distinction between different and confused concepts, it involves a new gnoseology in which intelligence (...) assists passively, like a mirror, to the presentation of essences, manifested apart from its existence.KEY WORDSCERTAINTY–EVIDENCE–INTUITION–ABSTRACTION–CLEAR AND DISTINCT IDEAS. (shrink)

Conceptual analysis is one of the notions undergoing dramatic changes during Wittgenstein's intermediate period. There's an aspect of such changes which might prove characteristic of the new directions taken by Wittgenstein's thought after 1929: it is the notion of complete analysis. We believe that Wittgenstein's treatment of this notion is also an interesting indication of new concerns generated by the "new method" itself, in terms of its radical openness to dialogism and its anti-dogmatism. Our aim here will be to explore (...) a couple of hints as to why this can be so. (shrink)

The article treats again the question of whether «the Idea of the Good is a Reality in the Universe, or beyond it. Is it immanent or transcendent ?» (Rufus Jones, 1863 1948). Plato scholars such as Matthias Baltes (1940 2003) and Luc Brisson have defended the thesis that Plato’s Idea of the Good is, on the one hand, beyond being (epekeina tês ousias) in dignity and power, but on the other, is nevertheless not transcendent over being. The article delivers first (...) (I.) the most important arguments for the thesis of Baltes and Brisson. Then (II.), it gives two counterarguments against the thesis. Third (III.), it concludes with some general questions concerning the deflationist interpretation of Plato’s Republic 509b9 10 and defends again the transcendence of the Idea of the Good. (shrink)

En este libro un equipo formado por especialistas españoles y extranjeros pasa revista a los principales aspectos del conocimiento del mundo físico. Los autores combinan la perspectiva científica con la filosófica, en un esfuerzo de diálogo interdisciplinar que quiere estar a la altura de los tiempos. Reflejan la variedad de puntos de vista de los cultivadores de la filosofía de la naturaleza, aunque com¬parten la misma fe en el futuro de la disciplina y en el papel que le corresponde para (...) corregir los desequilibrios de la cultura contemporánea. (shrink)

Este ensayo expone las ideas fundamentales de la ética pragmática de Rorty, partiendode su crítica de la verdad como representación y la propuesta de la solidaridad en unsentido moral. El autor intenta sentar las bases de una crítica a la ética pragmática yestablece la necesidad de volver a plantear el tema de la persona -desde un cristianismomás “actualizado”- y se formula el problema de la esencia de lo pragmático al interiorde una metafísica que, fundándose un referente simbólico o analógico, supere (...) eldogmatismo y logre inspirar sentimientos como la solidaridad. (shrink)

Hay sufrimiento en el mundo, hay mal en el mundo. Existe evidencia de ambos. No todo sufrimiento parece ser con vistas a un bien mayor. Es decir, parece haber casos de mal gratuito o injustificado. El pasado 2 de febrero del 2024, observamos en Viña del Mar - Chile las trágicas consecuencias de un devastador incendio forestal, probablemente provocado intencionalmente por el ser humano. Ante escenarios de este tipo, el desafío epistémico para quienes creemos en Dios es preguntarnos si este (...) es un caso de mal innecesario y si, de ser así, tiene alguna implicancia para la creencia en Dios. En este escrito plantearé los riesgos de racionalizar el sufrimiento, sin que ello implique que la búsqueda de razones sobre el mismo (su explicación) derive en una justificación indirecta del mismo. En última instancia, se trata de distinguir entre evaluar las causas de un evento, la justificación del evento y la evaluación ética del mismo. (shrink)

Some of our reasons for acting are grounded precisely on the fact that we are not fully virtuous agents. This shows that the intuitive view that what we should do is what a virtuous person would do in the circumstances we find ourselves is false. Many take this to show that there is not a close connection between virtue and practical reasons. I hold that this is a mistake. I argue that a failure to act in light of a decisive (...) reason always amounts to a flaw from the standpoint of virtue. This is the case even when it comes to reasons grounded in defects of character. The upshot is that our conception of virtue constraints the normative judgments we can accept. That is the case because every reason must be grounded in a value that is compatible with virtue. I conclude that even though we should not always act as a virtuous person, we should always act in response to values that a virtuous person could uphold. (shrink)

O Bem-Estar Psicológico (BEP) de estudantes universitários da gradução tem sido objeto de crescente interesse na pesquisa científica por ser reconhecido como uma dimensão multifacetada e central da saúde mental. Nesse sentido, este trabalho propôs-se a apresentar os fatores de risco e os fatores de proteção que influenciam nos índices do BEP, de modo a evidenciar as estratégias eficazes de cuidado em saúde mental para o referido segmento populacional. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, a partir de uma (...) revisão integrativa de artigos publicados em português e inglês, disponíveis na íntegra nas bases BVS-Psi e PubMed. Foram utilizados os descritores “bem-estar psicológico”, “universidades” e “saúde mental” ou “bem-estar psicológico”, “fatores de risco” e “fatores de proteção” para BVS-Psi e para PubMed, respectivamente, sendo selecionados e analisados 19 estudos. Os resultados ressaltaram que a sobrecarga de trabalho acadêmico, as expectativas elevadas, a competição intensa e a incerteza em relação ao futuro profissional são fatores de risco. Evidencia-se, ainda, que a criação de relações sociais fortes e de estratégias de gerenciamento do tempo aliadas à orientação profissional eficaz são fatores de proteção que auxiliam na promoção da saúde mental nesta população. (shrink)

La Inteligencia Artificial tiene implicaciones significativas para los derechos humanos, tanto en términos de desafíos como de oportunidades. Por eso los derechos están presentes en las declaraciones y propuestas sobre su regulación. Sin embargo, esta presencia tiene que enfrentarse a algunos problemas. Uno de ellos es el de la determinación de qué significa el enfoque de derechos humanos. Este trabajo pretende dar luz sobre esta cuestión.

Este trabajo trata de ofrecer una panorámica de la obra de Richard Rorty con especial referencia a alguno de los problemas políticos que se deducen de sus tesis: la apuesta por la contingencia, la división privado/público, el cosmopolitismo y la emancipación, el etnocentrísmo, etc.

Resumen: El objetivo principal de este escrito es proponer un papel propedéutico de las intuiciones racionales, a fin de defender una propuesta híbrida entre el acceso epistémico a priori y a posteriori. Las intuiciones racionales deben ser informadas empíricamente, y descartadas cuando hay pruebas contra ellas, cuando la evidencia empírica muestra que la intuición racional es errada, por lo que cualquier creencia guiada por ella también lo sería. Se sostiene que las intuiciones racionales cumplen un importante rol propedéutico: ayudan a (...) comprender diferentes escenarios modales a través de ejemplificaciones contrafácticas. Esto no se opone a la variación cultural de intuiciones, por ello se propone un confiabilismo intuicional variable. Esta propuesta comprende a las intuiciones como falibles y como no conductoras de verdad: no es el objetivo de las intuiciones rastrear la verdad de alguna proposición, sino ayudar a comprender los escenarios hipotéticos que pueden ser relevantes en diferentes áreas.: The main target of this paper is to propose a preparatory learning role of rational intuitions, in order to defend a hybrid proposal between a priori and a posteriori epistemic access. Rational intuitions must be informed empirically, and discarded when there is evidence against them, when empirical evidence shows that rational intuition is wrong, so any belief guided by it would also be wrong. It is argued that rational intuitions play an important propaedeutic role: they help to understand different modal scenarios through counterfactual exemplifications. This is not opposed to the cultural variation of intuitions, therefore a variable intuitional reliability is proposed. This proposal includes intuitions as fallible and as not truth conducive: it is not the goal of intuitions to trace the truth of a proposition, but to help understand the hypothetical scenarios that may be relevant in different areas. (shrink)